Download Political Change, Colonial Word Document
Similar content addressed in SOLs: VS.1a-i; VS.2d; VS.2e, VS.3g; USI.1a-h; USI.4b
In this image of a battle, the French colonizers fight alongside one tribe, led by Chief Outina, against another Native tribe in modern-day Florida. European settlers often attempted to create various alliances with Native American tribes. These alliances could often lead to violence when European powers were drawn into pre-existing Native American conflicts. However, Europeans could use these conflicts to further divide Native American communities and create strategic political advantages for their settlers. The English settlers of Jamestown employed a similar strategy with the Powhatan tribe and Monacan Confederacy.
In this document, John Smith recounts an official visit to Chief Powhatan. The British crown sent Smith along with a variety of gifts to Powhatan to ask that he become a "proper" King in the English view - in short, to make him a dependent political entity that would become obsequious to the British throne. Smith also makes mention of aiding the Powhatan with their "revenge against the Monacans."
Chief Powhatan resolutely declined Smith's offer, showing political acumen: "neither will I bite at such a bait." Powhatan also dismisses the idea of using an alliance with the English to seek vengeance against the Monacans, saying that
the Powhatan could "revenge [their] owne injuries."
*This is a depiction of Chief Powhatan, located in the upper-left corner of a map of the Jamestown settlement made in 1624.
* This map is the earliest known map of the Chesapeake region drawn by English cartographers. It highlights both English and Native American settlements.