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Learning
Standards
Students
will understand as a result of this lesson that between 1880 and
1920, the United States was transformed — by immigration,
improvements in technology and transportation, and business innovations
— from a rural, agricultural nation to an urban, industrialized
one.
Students
will know as a result of this lesson (Virginia SOL Objectives and
Curriculum):
Advances
in transportation linked resources, products, and markets.
Manufacturing
areas were clustered near centers of population.
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How did advances
in transportation link resources, products, and markets?
What
are some examples of manufacturing areas that were located
near centers of population? |
Transportation
of resources:
- Moving
natural resources (e.g., copper and lead) to eastern factories
- Moving
iron ore deposits to sites of steel mills (e.g., Pittsburgh)
- Transporting
finished products to national markets
Examples
of manufacturing areas:
- Textile
industry – New England
- Automobile
industry – Detroit
- Steel
industry – Pittsburgh
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Make connections
between past and present. (USII.1b)
Sequence
events in United States history. (USII.1c)
Analyze
and interpret maps that include major physical features. (USII.1f) |
Population
changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced interaction
and often conflict between different cultural groups.
Population
changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced problems
in urban areas.
Inventions
had both positive and negative effects on society.
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Why
did immigration increase?
Why
did cities develop?
What
inventions created great change and industrial growth in the
United States?
What
challenges faced Americans as a result of those social and
technological changes? |
Reasons
for increased immigration:
- Hope
for better opportunities
- Religious
freedom
- Escape
from oppressive governments
- Adventure
Reasons
why cities developed:
- Specialized
industries including steel (Pittsburgh), meat packing (Chicago)
- Immigration
from other countries
- Movement
of Americans from rural to urban areas for job opportunities
Inventions
that contributed to great change and industrial growth:
- Lighting
and mechanical uses of electricity (Thomas Edison)
- Telephone
service (Alexander Graham Bell)
Rapid
industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant
neighborhoods and tenements.
Efforts
to solve immigration problems:
- Settlement
Houses, such as Hull House founded by Jane Addams
- Political
machines that gained power by attending to the needs of
new immigrants (e.g., jobs, housing)
Interaction
and conflict between different cultural groups:
- Discrimination
against immigrants
- Chinese
- Irish
Challenges
faced by cities:
- Tenements
and ghettos
- Political
corruption (political machines)
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Make
connections between past and present. (USII.1b)
Sequence
events in United States history. (USII.1c)
Interpret
ideas and events from different historical perspectives. (USII.1d)
Analyze
and interpret maps that include major physical features. (USII.1f) |
Between
the Civil War and World War I, the United States was transformed
from an agricultural to an industrial nation.
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What
created the rise in big business?
What
factors caused the growth of industry?
How
did industrialization and the rise in big business influence
life on American farms? |
Reasons
for rise and prosperity of big business:
- National
markets created by transportation advances
- Captains
of industry (John D. Rockefeller, oil; Andrew Carnegie,
steel; Henry Ford, automobile)
- Advertising
- Lower-cost
production
Factors
resulting in growth of industry:
- Access
to raw materials and energy
- Availability
of work force
- Inventions
- Financial
resources
Examples
of big business:
Postwar
changes in farm and city life:
- Mechanization
(e.g., the reaper) had reduced farm labor needs and increased
production.
- Industrial
development in cities created increased labor needs.
- Industrialization
provided access to consumer goods (e.g., mail order).
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Make
connections between past and present. (USII.1b)
Sequence
events in United States history. (USII.1c)
Analyze
and interpret maps that include major physical features. (USII.1f)
|
Technology
extended progress into all areas of American life, including
neglected rural areas.
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How
was social and economic life in the early twentieth century
different from that of the late nineteenth century? |
Results
of improved transportation brought by affordable automobiles:
- Greater
mobility
- Creation
of jobs
- Growth
of transportation-related industries (road construction,
oil, steel, automobile)
- Movement
to suburban areas
Invention
of the airplane:
Use
of the assembly line:
Communication
changes:
- Increased
availability of telephones
- Development
of the radio (role of Guglielmo Marconi) and broadcast industry
(role of David Sarnoff)
- Development
of the movies
Ways
electrification changed American life:
- Labor-saving
products (e.g., washing machines, electric stoves, water
pumps)
- Electric
lighting
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Make
connections between past and present. (USII.1b)
Interpret
ideas and events. (USII.1d) |
There
are three basic ways that businesses organize to earn profits.
Entrepreneurs
play an important role in all three business organizations.
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What
are the basic types of profit-seeking business structures?
What
is an entrepreneur? |
Basic
types of business ownership:
- Proprietorship
– A form of business organization with one owner who
takes all the risks and all the profits.
- Partnership
– A form of business organization with two or more
owners who share the risks and the profits.
- Corporation
– A form of business organization that is authorized
by law to act as a legal person regardless of the number
of owners. Owners share the profits. Owner liability is
limited to investment.
Entrepreneur:
- A
person who takes a risk to produce goods and services in
search of profit
- May
establish a business according to any of the three types
of organizational structures
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Create
and explain diagrams, tables, and charts. (CE.1b)
Analyze
political cartoons, political advertisements, pictures, and
other graphic media. (CE.1c)
Distinguish
between relevant and irrelevant information. (CE.1d)
Identify
a problem and recommend solutions. (CE.1f) |
The
effects of industrialization led to the rise of organized
labor and important workplace reforms.
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How
did the reforms of the Progressive Movement change the United
States?
How
did workers respond to the negative effects of industrialization? |
Negative
effects of industrialization:
- Child
labor
- Low
wages, long hours
- Unsafe
working conditions
Rise
of organized labor:
- Formation
of unions-American Federation of Labor
- Strikes-Homestead
Strike
Progressive
Movement workplace reforms:
- Improved
safety conditions
- Reduced
work hours
- Placed
restrictions on child labor
Women’s
suffrage:
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Analyze
and interpret primary and secondary source documents to increase
understanding of events and life in United States history.
(USII.1a)
Make
connections between past and present. (USII.1b)
Sequence
events in United States history. (USII.1c)
Interpret
ideas and events from different historical perspectives. (USII.1d) |
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